Early series circuit transformer distribution However, the efficiency of their open-core bipolar apparatus remained very low. They also exhibited the invention in Turin, Italy in 1884, where it was adopted for an electric lighting system. Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs first exhibited a device with an open iron core called a 'secondary generator' in London in 1882, then sold the idea to the Westinghouse company in the United States. Their AC based systems used arc and incandescent lamps, generators, and other equipment. In 1878, the Ganz factory, Budapest, Hungary, began manufacturing equipment for electric lighting and, by 1883, had installed over fifty systems in Austria-Hungary. The coils Yablochkov employed functioned essentially as transformers. The secondary windings could be connected to several 'electric candles' (arc lamps) of his own design. In 1876, Russian engineer Pavel Yablochkov invented a lighting system based on a set of induction coils where the primary windings were connected to a source of AC. Early devices for use with alternating currentīy the 1870s, efficient generators producing alternating current (AC) were available, and it was found AC could power an induction coil directly, without an interrupter. Between the 1830s and the 1870s, efforts to build better induction coils, mostly by trial and error, slowly revealed the basic principles of transformers. Since batteries produce direct current (DC) rather than AC, induction coils relied upon vibrating electrical contacts that regularly interrupted the current in the primary to create the flux changes necessary for induction. Induction coils evolved from scientists' and inventors' efforts to get higher voltages from batteries. He was one of the first researchers to realize the more turns the secondary winding has in relation to the primary winding, the larger the induced secondary emf will be. Nicholas Callan of Maynooth College, Ireland in 1836. The first type of transformer to see wide use was the induction coil, invented by Rev.
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